HIV (Human lmmunodeficiency Virus) is the etiologic agent of Acquired lmmune Deficiency Syndrome(AlDS). The virion is surrounded by a lipid envelope that is derived from host cell membrane. Several viraglycoproteins are on the envelope. Each virus contains two copies of positive-sense genomic RNAs. Both HIV 1 and HlV 2 elicit immune response. Detection of HlV antibodies in whole blood, serum or plasma isthe most efficient and common way to determine whether an individual has been exposed to HiV and toscreen blood and blood products for HIV.

The HIV p24 antigen is a small piece of protein that is found on the capsule of the HIV virus. When aperson is infected with Hlv, these bits of protein can be found floating in the blood. The HlV p24 antigenrapid test is the test that detects these bits of protein.

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